Definition and Examples of Formal Prose Style

In composition, formal style is a broad term for speech or writing marked by an impersonal, objective, and precise use of language. A formal prose style is typically used in orations, scholarly books and articles, technical reports, research papers, and legal documents. Contrast with informal style  and colloquial style. In The Rhetorical Act (2015), Karlyn Kohrs Campbell et al. observe that formal prose is strictly  grammatical  and uses complex sentence structure and precise, often technical  vocabulary. Informal prose is  less strictly grammatical and uses short, simple sentences and ordinary, familiar words. Observations Whenever we speak or write, we make certain assumptions about what kind of language is appropriate to the situation at hand. Basically, this amounts to deciding how formal or informal to be. Rhetorical style ranges from the formality of a presidential address or scholarly article on the one hand to the informality of a radio or TV interview or a conversation—perhaps even a text or twitter message—with a friend on the other. Generally speaking, as style becomes more informal, it becomes more conversational or colloquial.(Karlyn Kohrs Campbell, Susan Schultz Huxman, and Thomas A. Burkholder, The Rhetorical Act: Thinking, Speaking and Writing Critically, 5th ed. Cengage, 2015)Formal and Informal StylesToday rhetoricians speak of formal and informal styles. The former is characterized by more advanced vocabulary, longer, more complex sentences, use of one instead of you, and is appropriate for more formal occasions such as lectures, scholarly papers, or ceremonial addresses . The informal style has feature such as contractions, the use of the first and second person pronouns I and you, simpler vocabulary, and shorter sentences. It is appropriate for informal essays and certain kinds of letters.(Winifred Bryan Horner, Rhetoric in the Classical Tradition. St. Martins, 1988)The tone is polite, but impersonal. The pronoun you isnt usually appropriate in formal writing.The language of formal writing doesnt include contractions, slang, or humor. It is often technical. In an attempt to avoid pronouns like I, you, and me, some writers overuse the passive voice, which makes their writing stuffy and indirect.Sentence structure includes lengthy sentences with complex subordination, long verb phrases, and the expletive pronouns it and there for subjects. Since the information content of formal, technical, or legal documents is high, both readers and writers expect the reading pace to be slower than in informal writing.Characteristics of a Formal Style- Formal styl e is characterized by long and complex sentences, a scholarly vocabulary, and a consistently serious tone. Grammatical rules are scrupulously observed, and the subject matter is substantial. The selection may include references to literary works or allusions to historical and classical figures. Absent are contractions, colloquial expressions, and an identified speaker, with impersonal one or the reader frequently used as the subject.(Fred Obrecht, Minimum Essentials of English, 2nd ed. Barrons, 1999)- These are some typical characteristics of formal style: Formal style is appropriate for official documents, computer documentation, scholarly articles and books, technical reports, or letters with a negative message.(Deborah Dumaine. Instant-Answer Guide to Business Writing. Writers Club Press, 2003)

My Volunteering Experience And Majority Of Positions Held...

When critically analyzing the some of the themes discussed in the course with respect to my volunteering experience and majority of positions held by the working class. creates an environment of concern such as the feeling of being alienated which is defined as an â€Å"estrangement, or separation in feeling or affection; to be alienated is to be withdrawn or cut-off in feeling or affection, to feel separated from others or oneself. â€Å" that slowly builds within the work environment, the reasons is due to lack of job enrichment or more specifically when the job becomes monotonous without much change. For example while volunteering reporting at 8:30am to open the office and start my shift from 9:00am created an atmosphere of enthusiasm which slowly diminished over a period of time as it was the same task I executed for 2 years. This when related to an individual who works in a car factory feels dehumanized and more like a machine when the carry our the same task in a factory of line production. Due to lack of change the employee becomes less productive and hence a cost to the firm therefore ends up being laid-off. Furthermore in a capitalist environment the inability to contribute in decision making and the operation of the firm significantly contributes to the alienation of workers. Creating a more involving firm such as the Body Shop that accepts a more open response from its employees allowing a greater enrichment and growth of employees and the business its self. In additionShow MoreRelatedMy Service Learning Project At A Community Outreach Program1683 Words   |  7 PagesMy service learning project took place at a community outreach program in a disadvantaged low income area without programs for children to participate in. A former ballet dancer, now instructor, decided to open up a ballet class to provide a program for the area children to take part in at a low donation cost, which will be applied to a building fund for a permanent location to be b uilt onto the church. My role in this service learning position was to help organize paperwork and files, collect donationsRead MoreTransformational Leadership Theory : The Transformational Theory1280 Words   |  6 Pagesit thereby acts as a powerhouse towards suggesting alignment of values is a critical ask of leadership. Related and overlapping forms of leadership, moral, participative and interpersonal, share a similar emphasis on values and reaching an agreed position. During the 20th century, research concentrated on determining the specific traits that clearly separated leaders from followers (Bass, 1990; Jago, 1982). Lord, DeVader, and Alliger (1986) discovered that personality traits were strongly associatedRead MoreCharacteristics Of A Good Leader2712 Words   |  11 Pageswill be honest and caring with a desire to make a positive outcome by encouraging followers and work toward a goal for the organization they are a part of. This paper will discuss the traits of a good leader as well as emphasize on past leadership experiences. Leadership theories can come from people closely involved with an individual, and this paper will discuss how people influence leadership outcomes. A good leader has to also look to the future and how they will lead and this theory will also beRead MoreAn Employers Guide Inclusive Workplace16409 Words   |  66 Pagesachieve 5 4.2 Undertake an inclusion review 6 4.3 Create an action plan 10 4.4 Communicate and implement the action plan 38 4.5 Review policies, practices and informal working culture on a regular basis 43 Section 5: How will I know if I’m successful? 44 Section 6: Practical ideas for small businesses 45 Section 7: A success story 51 Section 8: Question and Answers 52 Read MoreThe For Helping Others With The End Game Of Jumping9894 Words   |  40 Pagesmanager working on an ACT team (Assertive Community Treatment) I see the multidisciplinary team I work with striving to help our clients thrive. However, due to various difficulties encountered by the population (i.e. social deficits/poor social functioning and conflicts in performing or accessing basic aspects needed for living a meaningful life), as well as barriers to obtain resources and community in our county, I see them often times isolated from family, community, and not working, volunteeringRead MoreHba Class of 20143348 Words   |  14 PagesWelcome HBA Class of 2014 to the Richard Ivey School of Business. I am extremely excited to welcome you to the best business program in Canada. You are about to embark on one of the most challenging, invigorating, and enlightening journeys of your life. This program will challenge your philosophies, and stretch your limits; both physically and mentally. You will grow, change and succeed in ways you never thought were possible. 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Stakeholders are different from others as they can have a different type of influence on a business. Every business has aims and objectives. An aim is a more broad term and is what the business would like to achieve in the long term,Read MoreMost Basic and Frequently Asked Interview Questions and Answers10148 Words   |  41 PagesSHARIQUE, I am 31 years old, I was born , brought up in karimnagar district which is a part of Andhrapradesh, I completed my mba with finance in 2005 from kakatiya university, I am a certified professional with a extensive background in business management and finance. Once I finished my mba, I started working for a foundation which was established by my own brother; there my role was taking care of the events and charities conducted by our foundation, our foundation mainly dealt with fund raisingRead MoreEquality Diversity Unit 1 NCF27061 Words   |  29 PagesHealthcare Employment Equal opportunity means that all people will be treated equally or similarly and not disadvantaged by prejudices or bias. This means that the best person for a job or a promotion is the person who earns that position based on qualifications, experience and knowledge. Equal opportunities for education will not necessarily mean treating all children ‘equally’ or every child achieving ‘the same’. Some will need special, or different, levels of support or challenge. For teachers

Egyptian, Islamic and Roman Architecture Essay - 1539 Words

Egyptian Civilization: I chose Egyptian civilization because it’s known as the birthplace of modern civilization. Another reason I chose Egyptian civilization is because its contributions to the world still seen, studied and absorbers. Egypt contribution has come along way and has mad an impact in on thousands of cultures worldwide. Some of Egypt’s contributions I will address are arts, literature and architecture. The Egyptians had little wood to build their buildings and monuments. The Egyptians lived in the desert where there was little vegetation, so they had to rely upon other kinds of building materials other than forest products. The Egyptians turned to the limestones and other materials that they could quarry in the desert. The†¦show more content†¦Khafre’s Father’s tomb has been dated from 2600 BCE. Many robbers broke into the pyramids to steal their precious jewels, potter and gold. The Egyptians had a custom of burying precious objects with their Kings. The Egyptian Kings had many valuable pieces stored in them at burial time. Many of the ancient artifacts belong to world-renowned museums around the world as the Metropolitan Museum. Egypt relies heavily on tourism as a means of revenue. The tourism business brought in almost thirteen billion dollars in 2010. The Pyramids are Egypt’s greatest attraction for tourist. Tourists who visit the pyramids are emotionally moved by the greatness of the site. Egyptians were known for their relentless dedication for the project. The Great pyramid contains over two million blocks of sandstone. Each sandstone block weighs a massive two and half ton. The pyramids are over 4500 years old. The great pyramid is the tallest of all the pyramids and stands 480 feet above the ground. The length of its sides is approximately eight hundred feet. It is estimated that, at the order of King Tut, it kept almost 100,000 slaves busy for many years. (Kristek, 1998) The pyramid is made of various levels. The p yramid has a level for the King and Queen as well as a gallery, and various passageways to the inner chambers. Islamic Civilization: Another civilization I will closely look at is Islamic civilization. Islamic civilization is one of the oldest,Show MoreRelatedAncient Architecture : Ancient And Medieval Architecture1015 Words   |  5 PagesReligion’s Architecture Ancient and Medieval Architecture spans from the meaningful Zygurats in Mesopotamia to the elaborate Gothic Churches in France. Architecture has been influenced by many factors like environment, politics, and culture. However, the greater factor that influenced Ancient and Medieval Architecture is religion. Religion, Gods, and the heavens where the key factors in creating Mesopotamian Ziggurats, Egyptian Pyramids, Greek Temples, Christian Basilicas, Islamic Mosques, andRead MoreEgypt : Mystery Of The Nile1504 Words   |  7 PagesEgypt, was also one of the longest, starting in 3000 BC and lasting nearly 3000 years. During this period, the nation thrived as its culture became renowned for everything from the splendor of its arts, advancements in science, technology and architecture, to its traditions in religion. Their superior achievements, which include the Great Pyramids, military conquests, and mathematical system left a cultural legacy that influenced many other ancient civil izations. Egypt’s rich history led to theRead MoreThe Luxor Temple And Saint Peter s Basilica1822 Words   |  8 PagesLuxor Temple located in Luxor, Egypt and Saint Peter’s Basilica located within Vatican City of Rome, Italy. The ancient design has fostered some of its styles and characteristics into future generations, and also upheld the mysteries of phenomenal architecture over the centuries. I believe the Luxor Temple and Saint Peter’s Basilica are good pieces for comparison. The details and the architectural features between both of these great Arts show ingenuity, symmetry, geometry and balance from two veryRead MoreThe Axumite Kingdom Trading Empire Located in Modern-day Ethiopia and Eritrea872 Words   |  4 Pagesthey used it to their advantage. Trade was more accessible for them, but to make it more simpler and less challenging they coined money, to make a common currency instead of barter. One thing they made the Axumites stand out was their beau tiful architecture. They built huge monuments for their rulers or the wealthy to honor them, like how Egypt built pyramids to keep their king in after death. The estimate of when the Axumite kingdom spanned was about 200 BC – 650 AD (Paul Davis), for people of thatRead MoreAncient Architecture : Luxor Temple And Saint Peter s Basilica1963 Words   |  8 Pages ANCIENT ARCHITECTURE Luxor Temple and Saint Peter’s Basilica â€Æ' I. OVERVIEW The two pieces of art that I have chosen to compare are The Luxor Temple located in Luxor, Egypt and Saint Peter’s Basilica located within Vatican City of Rome, Italy. The ancient design has fostered some of its styles and characteristics into future generations, and also upheld the mysteries of phenomenal architecture over the centuries. I believe the Luxor Temple and Saint Peter’s Basilica are good pieces for comparisonRead MoreEssay on The Arabic Invasion1318 Words   |  6 Pagesand Othman, and then by the Umayyads and the Abbasids and other Muslim dynasties that established strong centers of power in the world. By the 11th century AD, the Islamic society could boast of a number of cultural and technical centers of leaning with eminent scholars of all the known disciplines of the time. Thus, when the Arab-Islamic armies invaded distant lands, they carried the rich cultural, political and economic heritage of their expanding civilization and created such conditions as to establishRead MoreThe Islamic Storming Of Spain1918 Words   |  8 Pages The Islamic storming of Spain was a tempestuous and conflicted time in history. Today it is often portrayed by historians as a battle of good versus evil; a forfeiting of an ebullient culture that diminished at the hand of Abd Al-Raá ¸ ¥mÄ n s Muslim-led army that began infiltrating Spain from North Africa in AD 711. However, what ensued thereafter was a convergence of great knowledge, trade innovation, and hydraulic technology that had not existed in the region before Islamic arrival. The idealisticRead MoreSimilarities between Beliefs and Philosophies from the World1637 Words   |  7 Pagesof the examples shown today is the Ajanta and the Ellora caves in the Aurangabad districts of Maharashtra. Slowly Buddhism spread to mainland China and then japan to be favored and adapted by its people. Many examples of the magnificent art and architecture can be seen today in many parts of these countries. Th en two forms of Buddhism came up: Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism. Hinduism: Founder No such founder Origin India Notable Texts/Holy Books The Bhagavad Gita Monotheistic/Polytheistic PolytheisticRead More The Country of Libya Essay1423 Words   |  6 Pagesocean or the underground water systems that irrigate the underside of Libya. Libya’s flag is solid green, the only flag in the world with one colour and design, Libya also has a huge history of religions and cultured as well as some of the oldest architecture on the planet. Location Libya is located in Northern Africa along the Mediterranean Sea which provides a northern coastal border. On the east Libya borders Egypt and Sudan and on the west Libya borders Tunisia and Algeria. To the southRead MoreEarly Civilian Matrix Essay2503 Words   |  11 Pagesreaching.Buddist Technology, n.d.)Buddist art is the artistic practices that are solely influenced by Buddhists(Buddhism, n.d.).Buddhist music or so call Saskit Music is an orginal form of a Buddhist chant.(Buddhism, n.d.)The development of Buddhist architecture can be traced back to the introduction of Buddhism. Their main feature are temples. (Buddhism, n.d.)Buddhism philosophy is the teachings o the Buddha Buddist Philosophy, n.d.)Buddhist scriptures comprise on complicated texts. (Buddist Literature

Native Americans Past And Present Essay - 1439 Words

Native Americans : Past and Present Under the advisement of President Andrew Jackson, the United States of America was looking to stretch its borders west, past Mississippi and further to the South. Of the many events that took place to obtain this goal, the United States is claimed to have committed a great genocide of the Native American people who lived in the area they wished to own. This wrong doing to the people who were here before the colonist of the United States has continued into the current times as the country continues to invade the land the Native American people call their home and strip them of their freedoms. During the presidency of Jackson, in the early nineteenth century, white settlers ran into what they called an obstacle in their journey towards expansion. The area of which they wanted to settle in was home to the nations of the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminole natives, many white Americans viewed their livings were in the way of the progress o f the country (PBS). This idea has continued into present day views regarding the country of the United States and its goal to continue its expansion and improvement. It is a well known idea that Andrew Jackson deeply disliked the Native American people. His many heinous actions towards these people proves this idea as a well known truth, he forced them from their homes and gave them little food and shelter for the journey to Oklahoma where their cross country trip would come to an end. HisShow MoreRelatedThe Cultural Crossroads Of The Americas794 Words   |  4 Pagesrepresent modern day American and historic America inhabited by Native American Indians. Bob Haozous plays on these two scenarios in an art installation that portrays two sides of American history. The left is depicted through three hunter-gatherers with tools and performing cultural rituals. The right side is depicted through tall buildings and symbols that represent American culture. This paper will analyze the so cial histories, national histories, and religious histories present in Haozous’ â€Å"The CulturalRead MoreCultural Impacts Of Native American Culture1559 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout out everything that Native Americans are. Their religion, way of survival, justice system, holistic views, and so much more, comprise their culture. Over the past 200 plus years, Native Americans have been subjected and forced to conform to European derived ideology. This has impacted Native Americans culture from a past, present, and future perspective. These perspectives will be addressed as well as combined into one. 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Aside from her writing, sheRead MoreThe Native American Ethnic Groups Of Today Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe Native American ethnic groups of today, are nothing compared to their ancestors. The treatment, hostility, and silver tongues of the past damage can never be fixed no matter how many words, medals, promises, and gifts you give them. The late Native American culture and its ethnic groups have been unfairly mistreated and misrepresented with lies from propaganda, breach of treaties, and harsh antagonization from American business owners and regular people alike. These actions have put a horrendousRead MoreNative Cultures Have Been Studied And Depicted In Many1165 Words   |  5 PagesNative cultures have been studied and depicted in many forms since the 1500s. Vast amounts of information throughout the years have been formulated to represent the unique and individual native cultures around the world. Most of the information collect ed about native cultures was represented in various ways, from paintings, sculptures, wood carvings, and eventually in museums. Unfortunately, most of the material displayed in these art forms was inaccurate, either through presenting false or dramatized

Copyright Law in Canada Essay - 835 Words

Canadas copyright law is one of our hardest laws to enforce. The reason the police have so much trouble enforcing this law, is due to technology. This law is very easy to break, and once broken, it is very hard to track down violators. So although some form of a copyright law is needed, the one we have has, too many holes to be effective. There are three main ways in which the copyright law is broken in everyday life. They is audio/video tape copying, plagiarism, and software piracy. The first, and most commonly violated aspect of the copyright law, is the copying of audio tapes for oneself and friends. Thanks to the invention of dual cassette stereos, this has become very easy. You simply take an original or even another copy of a†¦show more content†¦Very often a student when doing a research paper will quot;accidentlyquot; forget to footnote his work. By quot;forgettingquot; to give the author credit, the student has claimed the work as his own. Another reason students may copy someone elses work is to sound more sophisticated hoping that if they use someone elses words it will sound better than their own. Generally, this provides an easy way for a teacher or the police to catch them. Teachers also plagiarize rather frequently. Very often a teacher will photocopy several pages from a book, in order to save the students the expense of having to buy the book for themselves. While this is a noble act by the teacher, in most cases, this is illegal. Unless the author of the book, gave consent for his/her work to be freely distributed, teachers cant copy it any more than students or anyone else can. The third category of piracy is Software Pirating. There are several forms which this can take. The most common form is very similar to audio/video cassettes. It is when someone copies a game or program from his/her computer to someone elses. As long as the two people have the same type of computer, (they both have apples or IBMs) this is a very simple process, so long as the programmer didnt put a bug into the program (a precaution they take against people copying their work). Another form of Computer Piracy is a quot;crackerquot;. A cracker is someoneShow MoreRelatedThe Copyright Law Of Canada Connected With An Ethical Line Within Music Sharing1672 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper discusses the copyright law in Canada connected with an ethical line in music sharing. Before embarking on the discussion, it is imperative to understand what copyright entails under the umbrella of intellectual property; the latter refers to intangible property, which is entirely a creation of the mind (Alexander Penalver, 2012, p. 188). Copyright is the exclusive right granted to the original author of literary work. In this effect, it prevents other people from using an authorshipRead MoreThe Issue Of Unauthorized Downloading And Piracy1259 Words   |  6 PagesCopyright policies have always been an issue throughout history, with the advancement in technology digital piracy being a fairly new phenomenon has made it necessary to reevaluate and update copyright policies to th e 21st century. When comparing the Canadian and US copy right and piracy laws it is evident that although there are similarities and differences, the Canadian approach proves to be effective at protecting the owners of the works in the issue of unauthorized downloading and piracy. ItRead MoreMedia Piracy And Copyright Issues1671 Words   |  7 PagesMedia piracy and copyright issues have been seen as a huge issue in the history of national and international law. These issues have grown to greater concern up to this point in time because of the advancements in technology, the ease of stealing information, and the accepting culture of copying, sharing and redistributing copyright material. It has become a part of our daily lives like downloading music from YouTube through third-party sites, pirating movies from online websites through torrentsRead MoreTechnology Is What Defines The World Today And Tomorrow1585 Words   |  7 PagesUsually, intellectual property rights give an indivi dual a copyright over their documents and only the authors can produce or reproduce the work. Most work in the past decades was produced as books. The buyer has the right to own the book. The elements inside the book are, however, someone’s original work, and they should be protected. Most physical things have property rights, like buildings, cars, and pieces of land. The intellectual property law was written so as to differentiate the physical objectRead MoreTechnology Is What Defines The World Today And Tomorrow1585 Words   |  7 PagesUsually, intellectual property rights give an individual a copyright over their documents and only the authors can produce or reproduce the work. Most work in the past decades was produced as books. The buyer has the right to own the book. The elements inside the book are, however, someone’s original work, and they should be protected. Most physical things have property rights, like buildings, cars, and pieces of land. The intellectu al property law was written so as to differentiate the physical objectRead MoreThe Rights Of The Sound Maker1575 Words   |  7 Pagesare published before the copyright expires, the term application is seventy years before its publication or a hundred years from the date of fixation. Consequently, it also extends the copyright for musical performers works contained in the recordings (Craig, 2011, p.226). According to McCormack (2010), the Canadian Intellectual Property Office defines performers’ performances. It states that copyright applies to a performer’s performance provided that it occurs in Canada or in any other countryRead MoreThe Ethical Requirements Of Sharing Music1613 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Rome Convention. Copyright is protected in different Articles of the Convention. Just to highlight one of them, Article 7 provides that performers are to be given rights that prevent broadcasters from communicating the information to the public. This is congruent with the ethical requirements of sharing music. It also prevents performance, fixation and reproduction without their consent. 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In order to understand how the Trans-Pacific Partnership will affect us, we must understand what this agreement is. The Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement is a twelve country trade agreement made up of Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Canada, Chile, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, the United States, and Vietnam (Summary 1). ThisRead MoreThe Case Of The Prospective Decorative Artwork Business Of Tom, Dick, And Harry1733 Words   |  7 Pagesregard, for this paper – the author endeavours to provide legal advice to the prospective business associates concerning the possible business type along with categories of investors connected to the same. After, information will be furnished as to copyright protection for the decorative art pieces. Next, the writer presents information pertaining to important components that ought to be included in the terms of agreement of staff. The guidelines applicable to apprenticeship, will be covered since the

Multimedia in Computers Essay Example For Students

Multimedia in Computers Essay Multimedia is nothing new. The nature of human communication has always involved â€Å"multimedia†. We hear, speak, write, draw, make gestures, play music, and act out our thoughts and feelings to one another. We have enjoyed multimedia presentations since our childhood through film, television, and, more recently, videotape, videodisc and digital videodisc. These have all involved analog media. What makes recent developments in multimedia new and exciting is that we can now deal with these various media in a digital format. The digital format allows manipulation, sharing, and merging of data in ways that analog cannot. For example, writers can incorporate digital images into a word processing document. They can record and edit sounds to link with images or text, permitting the data types to serve multiple purposes with a minimum of reworking. Users can program the computer to seek files randomly, to store these different files digitally, just as any computer file. They can edit this information, eliminating unnecessary parts, transforming them, or adding alternative data or special effects – all without expensive postproduction. Multimedia evokes different images depending on the listener or reader’s understanding. Multimedia is defined as an interactive computer-mediated presentation that includes at least two of the following elements: text, sound, still graphic images, motion graphics, and animation (Theoretical Foundations of Multimedia. Robert S. Tannenbaum (c. 1998)). Even the unabridged edition of The World Book Dictionary (c. 1990) leaves room for interpretation by defining the term as â€Å"using a combination of various media†. Some people understand â€Å"multimedia† to mean the use of two or more types of media in the same product. We know that CD-ROMS (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory) can store virtually any type of digitised information. If we can digitise the data, we can also store it on a CD-ROM just as any other type of digital file. Many applications in the MS-DOS environment that employ multiple media in this way usually use them as discrete elements or as complements to each other just as magnetic disks do. Philips and Dupont Optical Company (PDO) refer to this as â€Å"mixed mode†. It defines a mixed mode CD-ROM as one, which contains computer readable data on track 1 and CD-quality audio on the remaining tracks, 2 through 99 (Multimedia in Practice 1995, p. 23). Others understand â€Å"multimedia† to mean the integration of several media within the same application. Philips, Microsoft, and Sony refer to this as â€Å"compound mode† in the introduction to CD-ROM. These types of discs present special problems, which we plan to discuss later on. Since CD-ROM essentially consists of one long linear medium, it stores data only sequentially, even though it permits random access. In addition, files vary in length and playback requirements. For example, digital images require much more storage space than text. One type of medium may play in a â€Å"static† mode at the same time as another might play in â€Å"dynamic† mode, such as an image displayed on the screen accompanied by audio (music and/or narration) or text accompanied by graphics and audio (Welcome to Multimedia 1992, p. 67). The basic Macintosh computer comes equipped for multimedia. It has high-resolution graphics monitor and built-in audio capabilities. Newer models have colour monitors and faster processors – two features that add to the Macintosh’s ability to handle new graphics-intensive applications that have animation and video; they just require the addition of a CD_ROM or videodisc player. New hardware add-ons, such as video processors, have the potential to improve the Mac’s ability to handle multimedia applications. Apple’s extension to the Mac’s operating system, called QuickTime, allows software developers to integrate audio and video data types with standard applications (Utilizing Multimedia 1996, p. 12). .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53 , .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53 .postImageUrl , .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53 , .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53:hover , .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53:visited , .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53:active { border:0!important; } .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53:active , .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53 .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5554c935abd8f5562854578bab1fef53:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Breakfast Club EssayMultimedia on the IBM PC and compatible’s, on the other hand, comes as a relatively new development. Microsoft announced its specifications for the Multimedia PC in November of 1990. It defines the following minimum standard requirements:a 386/486 CPU; 2MB or more of RAM;30MB or larger hard disk (100MB recommended);VGA (4-bit or 8-bit) video display (640480 resolution minimum; super VGA recommended);two-button, Microsoft-compatible mouse;a digital audio subsystem, consisting of the following:8-bit digital to analog converter (DAC), linear PCM (pulse code modulation) sampling, 11.025kHz and 22.05kHz sampling rate, DMA/FIFO with interrupt;8-bit digital to analog converter (DAC), linear PCM sampling, 11.025kHz sampling rate, microphone input;on-board analog audio mixing capabilities;MIDI-in (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) and MIDI-out ports;Serial, parallel, and joystick ports;Joystick or other absolute-pointing device;A CD-ROM drive with CD-DA outputs with an average seek time of 1 second or less; andSystems software compatible with the applications programming interfaces (APIs) of Microsoft Windows 3.0 with multimedia extensions or equivalent APIs. 1.2.2Interactive Multimedia Association’s PlatformThe interactive multimedia association (IMA) released the first in a series of definitions of classes of multimedia platforms. The proposal presents specifications for the minimum functionality required for what it calls the Interactive Video Personal Computer (IVPC) platform class. The specifications aim to support portable multimedia applications that use full-motion, laserdisc-based video and computer graphics in a video overlay environment. To encourage multimedia compatibility in the international arena, the IMA proposes IVPC platforms for both the NTSC (EIA RS-170A) and PAL (CCIR 470-1) video standards. NTSC-compatible platforms will carry the identifier â€Å"IVPC/NTSC†; PAL-compatible platforms will have the identifier â€Å"IVPC/PAL† (The Handbook of Multimedia 1997, p.56). The specifications include a personal computer based on the Intel x86 microprocessor architecture, a LaserVision-compatible videodisc player, an XY-input device, and a VGA-based overlay board with a compatible monitor. The detailed specifications follow. 1.2.3Basic Computer System Defined by IMAProcessor: At minimum an Intel 80286 or fully compatible processor. Bus architecture: IBM AT, IBM Microchannel, or Enhanced Industry-Standard Architecture (EISA). Memory: At minimum, 640KB of random access memory (RAM). Disk storage: A hard disk and at least on e5.25-inch, 1.2MB floppy drive or 3-inch, 1.44MB floppy drive. I/O ports: Appropriate ports as required by the videodisc player and XY-input device. At least one IBM AT-compatible parallel port. A free IBM AT-compatible serial port is recommended but not required because the player and XY-input device may use both COM1 and COM2. Keyboard: Standard IBM AT-compatible keyboard; enhanced AT-compatible keyboard optional. Operating system: MS-DOS or PC-DOS version 3.3 or higher or functionally equivalent operating system operating in real mode. Multimedia applications require lots of storage space, creating a demand for larger disks. As applications continue to increase in size, they will incorporate training or realistic simulations. Applications that currently run directly off a CD-ROM or from a network file server may get transferred to the hard disk to increase performance and speed significantly. We can expect to see the development of high-performance video processors necessary to implement higher quality real-time compression and decompression of motion video. The requirements for producing thirty frames per second of full-screen, full-motion video push to the limits the processing power of our more powerful microprocessors. The MPC specification outlines the minimum requirements for creating and using multimedia on the PC. We can expect to see technological improvements and a higher level of requirements as titles become more sophisticated and make greater demands on hardware. We have opened the door to a whole new dimension of computing. Bibliography:Judith Jeffcoate. 1995, Multimedia in Practice, Prentice Hall International (UK) Limited. Great Britain. Linda E Tway. 1992, Welcome to Multimedia, Management Information Source, Inc. United States of America. Norman Desmarais. 1994, Multimedia on the PC, R.R. Donnelley Sons Company, United States of America. .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a , .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a .postImageUrl , .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a , .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a:hover , .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a:visited , .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a:active { border:0!important; } .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a:active , .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc3b8c24b74eec74e244543e6e83ded6a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Bill of rights 2 EssayRobert S. Tannenbaum. 1998, Theoretical Foundations of Multimedia, W. H. Freeman and Company, United States of America. Tom L. Hall. 1996, Utilizing Multimedia ToolBook, Boyd Fraser Publishing Company, United States of America. William H. Nault. 1990, World Book Dictionary, World Book, Inc. United States of America. William I. Grosky, Ramesh Jain, Rajiv Mehrotra. 1997, The Handbook of Multimedia Information Management, Prentice Hall PTR. United States of America.

Sociological Imagination Digital Social Research

Question: Discuss about the Sociological Imaginationfor Digital Social Research. Answer: Sociological imagination is terms that were earlier coined by c. Wright Mills so as to describe, the then type of insight which was offered by the discipline of sociology (Charles, 1959). In this 21 century, the term has been greatly used so as to explain and understand the nature of sociology as well as its very own relevance in the daily life of the human beings. According to Mills, sociological imagination is the entire vivid awareness of a relationship that exists between the wider societies that one lives and the personal experience that one is facing (Charles, 1959). Mills trys to prove that the sociological imagination is not a theory, but instead, it is one of an outlook of the society. Which works so as to be able to steer us into the thinking away from the usual day to day life of the individual, to the one being able to look at life afresh. It significantly involves itself in a personal development of fundamental and deeper understanding of how biography is an aftermath of the historical process and exists within a greater social context (Cunningham, 2014). The sociological imagination assists one to understand and evaluate that social outcomes and results of this country are substantially dependent on the activities and issues that we do and align ourselves to. The sociological imagination attribute that some of the events that are happening today are an aftermath of factors such as the motives and the norms (Cunningham, 2014). In everyday life, the concept can be utilized looking at any activity, issue or any event following a different perspective. For instance, consuming coffee can be seen a self care, on the other hand it can be considered as an addition to some of them. However, there can be another method in perceiving the idea that two or more people may meet over coffee and that can spin the idea of consuming c offee and it focuses on a reason of meeting another individual. Sociological imagination is significant since it helps one to understand the self-life of an individual and how one can solve the same. According to this, one will be able to control what they think is causing some effects in their lives (Parker, 2012). The sociological imagination perspective is also an important theory since it greatly assists the government of any state to build upon its strength and evaluate its weakness, and use the resources available such as education and training of the youth and also the women so as to better and increase its tax rates. Three sociological theoretical perspectives are associated with the sociological imagination namely, the functionalism, conflict theory and the symbolic internationalism. In this essay, we shall discuss both the functionalism and conflict theory. The functionalism theory holds that each and every aspect of any society or community is interdependent and significantly contributes to the general functioning of the community (Edwards, 2013). The government provides education to the citizens who intern pay taxes to the government that the government uses so as to ensure the smooth running of the school system. In this case, the family depends on school to assist the children in growing and be educate. Intern the kids end up being doctors who pay taxes, and the process continues. The other perceptive is the conflict perspective that mostly focuses on the conflicted, ever changing as well as the adversarial nature of the society. The theory unlike the functionalism theory challenges the status quo and greatly encourages social change even in the case of social revolution. The theory believes in the rich people as well as the most influential people as the people who force social order on the weak and poor of the society (Housley, 2014). The proponents of this theory are more rigid to capitalism and may regard elite board of regents raising tuition as one of the best and most helpful steps to the students. According to the conflict perspective theory the rich and the wealthy have the say in the governing of the nation as well as in the drafting of policies. Regarding inequalities of the class, Australia has substantially failed in establishing a relatively same and equal chance for its all citizens. Reports from private opinion Rates Company indicate that Australia is a country that is being governed and propels itself on the theory of the conflict perspective. The country is wholly divided into three sections of the public citizens who include the richest people of the country, the middle class and the poor people (Rubin, 2012). References Charles, W., 1959. Sociological Imagination.. Cunningham, J. a. C. S., 2014. Sociology and social work.. Learning Matters.. Edwards, A. H. W. W. M. S. L. a. W. M., 2013. Digital social research, social media and the sociological imagination: Surrogacy, augmentation and re-orientation.. International Journal of Social Research Methodology,, pp. 16(3), pp.245-260.. Housley, W. P. R. E. A. B. P. W. M. S. L. R. O. M. J. V. A. a. G. A., 2014. Big and broad social data and the sociological imagination: A collaborative response.. Big Data Society, pp. 1(2), p.2053951714545135.. Parker, C. a. R. T., 2012. Law Firms, Global Capital and the Sociological Imagination.. Rubin, B., 2012. Shifting social contracts and the sociological imagination.. Social Forces, pp. 91(2), pp.327-346..